Thermodynamic simulation analysis for carbothermal reduction of converter steel slag
ZHANG Bokang1,2, LUO Guoping1, HAO Shuai1, CHAI Yifan1
1. School of Materials and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, Nei Mongol, China; 2. Shandong Iron and Steel Research Institute, Shandong Iron and Steel Company Limited, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
Abstract：To study the changes in phase types and contents of equilibrium products during the carbothermal reduction of converter slag, based on the variables of reduction temperature, alkalinity, and carbon ratio (coke-to-slag ratio), FactSage 7.1 thermodynamic software was used for calculation and analysis. The study reveals under a certain coke-slag ratio, with the increase of reduction temperature, the residual C content in the equilibrium phase composition shows decreasing trend, while the Fe3C and P2 gas content show increasing trend, indicating that the high temperature is favorable to the reduction of iron oxides and apatite, especially to the gasification of dephosphorization. With reduction temperature increasing, the contents of Fe3P/Fe2P in the equilibrium phase composition decrease, while the contents of Mn2P and P2(g) increase. This indicates that the reduction temperature has significant influence on the stability sequence of phosphorus-containing phases, with the stability enhancement order as Fe3P→Fe2P→Mn2P→P2(g). High temperature favors the gasification and removal of phosphorus. Under constant coke-to-slag ratio and reduction temperature, the increase in the alkalinity of charge leads to elevation of Fe3C content in the equilibrium phase composition, indicating that higher alkalinity promotes the reduction of iron oxides. As the alkalinity of the mixture increase, the silicate liquid phase content in the equilibrium phase composition shows decreasing trend, and the alkalinity of 1.8 generates the largest amount of liquid phase. The alkalinity of the mixture in the range of 1.8 to 2.2 is conducive to the generation of α-C2S and self-pulverization of the product, and the content of α-C2S is largest when the alkalinity is 2.0. Changes in the coke-to-slag ratio have minimal impact on the phase types and contents of equilibrium products during carbothermal reduction of converter slag. Thermodynamic calculations indicates that the temperature range favorable for steel slag pulverization is 1 450-1 500 ℃, the alkalinity range is 1.8-2.2, and the coke-slag ratio range is 10∶90-15∶85. This range of conditions facilitates the generation of α-C2S and the best pulverization of steel slag.
胡艳平.天时地利人和,废钢铁行业发展潜力巨大[J].冶金管理,2022(10):4.(HU Y P. Timing, location and people, huge development potential of iron and steel scrap industry [J]. Metallurgical Management, 2022(10):4.)
[2]
朱文琪.中国钢铁产业高质量发展测度及提升路径研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2021.(ZHU W Q. Research on the Measurement of High-Quality Development and Improvement Path of China's Iron and Steel Industry[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences, 2021.)
[3]
谢登敏. 微生物固碳强化再生粗骨料研究[D].南京:东南大学,2021.(XIE D M. Research on Microbial Carbon Sequestration Enhanced Recycled Coarse Aggregate[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2021.)
[4]
YI H, XU G P, CHENG H, et al. An overview of utilization of steel slag[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2012, 16:791.
[5]
黄祥.废弃钢渣+轮胎颗粒改良海相淤泥强度特性试验研究[D].镇江:江苏科技大学,2019.(HUANG X. Experimental Research on Strength Characteristics of Sea-Phase Silt Improved by Waste Steel Slag + Tire Particles[D]. Zhenjiang: Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 2019.)
[6]
谢大为,王熠,蒋林,等.转炉钢渣自粉化的可行性研究[J].安徽工业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,33(2):105.(XIE D W, WANG Y, JIANG L, et al. Feasibility study of self-pulverization of converter steel slag[J]. Journal of Anhui University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2016, 33(2):105.)
[7]
TÉLLEZ-BLANCO J C, GRÖSSINGER R, SATO T R. Structure and magnetic properties of SmCo5-xCux alloys[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 1998, 281(1):1.
[8]
张妍.基于碳酸化的钢渣水化活性和制品安定性研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2018.(ZHANG Y. Research on Hydration Activity and Product Stability of Steel Slag Based on Carbonation[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology,2018.)
[9]
NIZAR S, ABDELAZIZ L, LAHCEN B, et al. Treatment of clay soils with steel slag, in road engineering[J]. E3S Web of Conferences, 2020, 150:02017.
[10]
杨曜,殷素红,徐创霞,等.利用工业废渣煤矸石高温还原回收钢渣中Fe的研究[J].四川建材,2015,41(1):81.(YANG Y, YIN S H, XU C X, et al. Study on industrial waste materials as coal gangue recycle fe deoxidized with high grade from steel slag[J]. Sichuan Building Materials, 2015, 41(1):81.)
[11]
ZHANG Y Z, TIAN T L, XING H W, et al. Research progress and perspective of reduction removal of phosphorus in steel slag[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2011(295/296/297): 2083.
[12]
侯贵华,李伟峰,郭伟,等.转炉钢渣的显微形貌及矿物相[J].硅酸盐学报,2008(4):436.(HOU G H, LI W F, GUO W, et al. Microstructure and mineral phase of converter slag[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2008(4):436.)
[13]
JIAO W X, SHA A M, LIU Z Z, et al. Utilization of steel slags to produce thermal conductive asphalt concretes for snow melting pavements[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 261:121197.
[14]
张朝晖,廖杰龙,巨建涛,等.钢渣处理工艺与国内外钢渣利用技术[J].钢铁研究学报,2013,25(7):1.(ZHANG Z H, LIAO J L, JU J T, et al. Treatment process and utilization technology of steel slag in China and abroad[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2013, 25(7):1.)
[15]
何赛,林路,刘亚琴,等.熔融改质含磷钢渣碳热还原回收有价元素试验[J].钢铁,2022,57(6):167.(HE S, LIN L, LIU Y Q, et al. Recovery of valuable elements from molten modified phosphorous steel slag by carbothermic reduction[J]. Iron and Steel, 2022, 57(6):167.)
[16]
陆天龙,刘栋,杨光照,等.钢渣综合利用及尾渣中铁的回收研究进展[J].热加工工艺,2017,46(17):14. (LU T L, LIU D, YANG G Z, et al. Research progress on comprehensive utilization of steel slag and iron recovery from tailings[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2017, 46(17):14.)
[17]
朱剑波,王帆,沈奥林,等.风淬钢渣利用现状及资源化发展趋势[J].建筑技术开发,2020,47(23):133.(ZHU J B, WANG F, SHEN A L, et al. Utilization status and resource development trend of air quenched steel slag[J]. Building Technology Development, 2020, 47(23):133.)
[18]
王毓.钢渣活性激发及其在水泥基材料中的应用研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2018.(WANG Y. Research on Steel Slag Activity Excitation and Its Application in Cementitious Materials[D]. Huainan: Anhui University of Technology, 2018.)
[19]
李颖.邯钢冶金渣协同制备固废基胶凝材料及混凝土研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2021.(LI Y. Research on Synergistic Preparation of Solid Waste-Based Cementitious Materials and Concrete from Handan Steel Metallurgical Slag[D]. Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing,2021.)
[20]
LIU G, RONG H, WANG J Y. Valorization of converter steel slag in sustainable mortars by a combined alkali and carbonation activation[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, 370:133519
[21]
佟庆,魏欣旸,秦旭映,等.我国水泥和钢铁行业突破性低碳技术研究[J].上海节能,2020(5):380.(TONG Q, WEI X Y, QIN X Y, et al. Study on the breakthrough low carbon technology for cement industry and iron/steel industry in China[J]. Shanghai Energy Conservation, 2020(5): 380.)
[22]
《中国公路学报》编辑部.中国路面工程学术研究综述·2020[J].中国公路学报,2020,33(10):1.(Review on China's Pavement Engineering Research·2020[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2020, 33(10):1.)
[23]
宋锐.钢渣处理工艺的优化与应用[J].中国高新技术企业,2015(1):52.(SONG R. Optimization and application of steel slag treatment process[J]. China High-Tech Enterprises, 2015(1):52.)
[24]
PRADEEP K,SHALINEE S. Utilization of steel slag waste as construction material: A review[J]. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2023, 78 (P1): 145.
[25]
李强,陈铁军,李奇勇,等.钢铁行业含锌冶金尘泥资源化利用现状与研究进展[J].中国冶金,2023,33(7):1.(LI Q, CHEN T J, LI Q Y, et al. Situation and research development on resource utilization of metallurgical dust containing zinc in iron and steel industry[J]. China Metallurgy, 2023, 33(7):1.)
[26]
王德永,李勇,刘建,等.钢渣中同时回收铁和磷的资源化利用新思路[J].中国冶金,2011,21(8):50.(WANG D Y, LI Y, LIU J, et al. A new design of fe and p simultaneous recovery from steelmaking slag[J]. China Metallurgy, 2011, 21(8):50.)
[27]
李光强,张峰,张力,等.高温碳热还原进行转炉渣资源化的研究[J].材料与冶金学报,2003(3):167.(LI G Q, ZHANG F, ZHANG L, et al. Recycle of converter slag by high temperature carbon thermal reduction[J]. Journal of Materials and Metallurgy, 2003(3):167.)
[28]
项长祥,陈亚辉,鹿霖,等.还原法处理转炉渣研究[J].环境工程,1997(3):54.(XIANG C X, CHEN Y H, LU L, et al. Study on treatment of converter slag by reduce[J]. Environmental Engineering, 1997(3):54.)
[29]
周朝刚,杨会泽,艾立群,等.转炉含磷钢渣循环利用技术的研究现状及展望[J].钢铁,2021,56(2):22.(ZHOU C G, YANG H Z, AI L Q, et al. Research status and prospect of recycling technology of converter slag containing phosphorus[J]. Iron and Steel, 2021, 56(2):22.)
[30]
韩霄,曹颖川,景东荣,等.FactSage在钢渣处理研究中的应用[J].矿产综合利用,2019(3):102.(HAN X, CAO Y C, JING D R, et al. Application of FactSage in steel slag treatment[J]. Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2019(3): 102.)
[31]
王东生.含钛炉渣碳热还原热力学计算[J].钢铁钒钛,2017,38(6):85.(WANG D S. Thermodynamics analysis for carbon thermal reduction of titanium-containing slag[J]. Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium, 2017, 38(6):85.)
[32]
王艺慈,李海洋,罗果萍,等.微波碳热还原转炉渣气化脱磷反应的宏观动力学[J].钢铁研究学报,2017,29(2):93.(WANG Y C, LI H Y, LUO G P, et al. Macrokinetics of gasification dephosphorization of converter slag by microwave carbon thermal reduction[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2017, 29(2):93.)
[33]
赵成林,张宁,康磊,等.碳热还原转炉渣脱磷的试验[J].钢铁,2016,51(5):41.(ZHAO C L, ZHANG N, KANG L, et al. Experiments on dephosphorization of BOF slag by carbothermal reduction[J]. Iron and Steel, 2016, 51(5):41.)
2024, Vol. 34 
