Effect of Si on grain boundary carbides in high carbon chromium bearing steel
XU Taixu1,2, HE Zhijun1,2, YANG Xin1,2, HAN Xiao1,2, LÜ Nan1,2
1. School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, Liaoning, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Green Low-Carbon and Intelligent Metallurgy Liaoning Province, Anshan 114051, Liaoning, China
Abstract：To investigate the effect of Si content on grain boundary carbides at different positions on the cross-section of high carbon chromium bearing steel continuous casting slab, laser confocal microscope was used to simulate the cooling rates(20.0, 2.0, 0.2 ℃/s) at corresponding positions on the cross-section of continuous casting slab, and high carbon chromium bearing steel with different Si content was treated at this cooling rate. The precipitation amount and size distribution of grain boundary carbide were detected and analyzed through scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the increase of Si mass fraction (0.29%-1.48%) leads to the decrease of segregation degree for C, Mo and Mn elements at grain boundaries, and then inhibits the precipitation of carbide at grain boundaries. At the same time, Si increases the Gibbs free energy of grain boundary carbide M23C6, resulting in the delay of precipitation time for carbide and shortening the growth time of grain boundary carbide. Thus, increasing Si content also has effect of refining grain boundary carbides. In addition, at a lower cooling rate (0.2-2.0 ℃/s), the Si content has a significant impact on the precipitation amount and size of grain boundary carbides. Therefore, it can be inferred that the influence of Si content on grain boundary carbides in high carbon chromium bearing steel continuous casting slab is mainly manifested in the core and mushy region with a low cooling rate. An appropriate increase in Si mass fraction (≤ 0.71%) helps to reduce the precipitation amount and size of grain boundary carbides. The study can further contribute to the fine regulation of carbides in high-quality bearing steels.
徐太旭, 何志军, 杨鑫, 韩啸, 吕楠. Si对高碳铬轴承钢晶界碳化物的影响[J]. 中国冶金, 2024, 34(2): 52-60.
XU Taixu, HE Zhijun, YANG Xin, HAN Xiao, LÜ Nan. Effect of Si on grain boundary carbides in high carbon chromium bearing steel[J]. China Metallurgy, 2024, 34(2): 52-60.
STOLYAROV A M, POTAPOVA M V, POTAPOV M G. Non-metallic impurities in continuous cast slabs[J]. Materials Science Forum, 2020, 989:411.
[2]
邹雷雷,黄俊雄,李权辉,等.连铸坯裂纹与偏析预测研究进展[J].连铸,2022(2):2.(ZOU L L, HUANG J X, LI Q H, et al. Research progress on prediction of cracks and segregation in continuous casting strand[J]. Continuous Casting, 2022(2): 2.)
[3]
汪家梅,苏豪展,陈凯,等.晶界碳化物和冷变形对600合金应力腐蚀开裂的影响规律[J].腐蚀与防护,2022,43(4):46.(WANG J M, SU H Z, CHEN K, et al. The influence of grain boundary carbides and cold deformation on stress corrosion cracking of alloy 600[J]. Corrosion and Protection, 2022, 43(4): 46.)
[4]
李麦麦,肖超,颜昊.溶质元素的微观偏析及其对连铸坯中间裂纹的影响[J].连铸,2023(5):57.(LI M M, XIAO C, YAN H. Microsegregation of solute elements and its effect on intermediate cracks in continuous casting slab[J]. Continuous Casting, 2023(5): 57.)
[5]
田伟,李哲,闫若璞,等. HP295钢铸坯偏析及硫化锰控制研究[J].金属材料与冶金工程,2023,51(2):30.(TIAN W, LI Z, YAN R P, et al. Research on segregation and manganese sulfide control of HP295 steel slab[J]. Metal Materials and Metallurgy Engineering, 2023, 51(2): 30.)
[6]
吴宇涵,陈文,杨鑫,等.低碳连铸保护渣对水口耐材的侵蚀行为[J].钢铁,2022,57(10):120.(WU Y H, CHENG W, YANG X, et al. Erosion behavior of low carbon mold flux on submerged nozzle refractory[J]. Iron and Steel, 2022, 57(10):120.)
[7]
李晓滨,丁桦,唐正友.轴承钢矩形坯内部裂纹的研究[J].钢铁研究学报,2010,22(10):48.(LI X B, DING H, TANG Z Y. Research on internal cracks in rectangular slabs of bearing steel[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2010, 22(10): 48.)
[8]
薄鑫涛.有关GCr15轴承钢的液析、带状和网状碳化物问题[J].热处理,2023,38(4):60.(BAO X T. Issues related to liquid precipitation, banded and network carbides in GCr15 bearing steel[J]. Heat Treatment, 2023, 38(4): 60.)
[9]
LIU T, XIA S, LI H, et al. Effect of the pre-existing carbides on the grain boundary network during grain boundary engineering in a nickel based alloy[J]. Materials Characterization, 2014, 91:89.
[10]
汪文瀚,陈其伟,朱国辉.加热速度对GCr15钢连铸坯网状碳化物的影响[J].热加工工艺,2010,39(3):72.(WANG W H, CHEN Q W, ZHU G H. Effect of heating rate on mesh carbides in GCR15 steel continuous casting slabs[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2010, 39(3): 72.)
[11]
MINTZ B, TAJIK S, VIPOND R. Influence of microalloying additions on thickness of grain boundary carbides in ferrite–pearlite steels[J]. Materials Science and Technology, 1994, 10(2):89.
[12]
MALDONADO R, NEMBACH E. The formation of precipitate free zones and the growth of grain boundary carbides in the nickel-base superalloy[J]. Acta Materialia, 1997, 45(1):213.
[13]
MINTZ B, CAMPBELL P. Growth of grain boundary carbides in C-Mn steels[J]. Materials Science and Technology, 2013, 5(2):155.
[14]
ZHANG J, YAN L, XU C, et al. Effect of forced cooling contraction on shrinkage cavity and segregation of ultra-thick continuous casting slab[J]. Technical Gazette, 2021, 28(3):1038.
[15]
林鸿亮,尚秀玲,施斌卿. Mn13高锰钢连铸坯冷却过程中碳化物的析出特征[J].连铸,2023(1):66.(LIN H L, SHANG X L, SHI B Q, Characteristics of carbide precipitation during the cooling process of Mn13 high manganese steel continuous casting slabs[J]. Continuous Casting, 2023(1): 66.)
[16]
沈腾飞,张壮,牛帅,等.连铸工艺对轴承钢大方坯凝固结构及其棒材碳化物带影响[J].中国冶金,2023,33(6):54.(SHEN T F, ZHANG Z, NIU S, et al. The effect of continuous casting technology on the solidification structure of bearing steel bloom and the carbide band of its bar[J]. China Metallurgy, 2023, 33(6): 54.)
[17]
赵杨.中高碳钢连铸板坯中心偏析的控制[J].河北冶金,2021(8):47.(ZHAO Y. Control of center segregation in medium and high carbon steel continuous casting slabs[J]. Hebei Metallurgy, 2021(8): 47.)
[18]
高新亮,巴文月,张正,等.贝氏体轨道钢连铸凝固过程中溶质微观偏析模型及分析[J].金属学报,2023,54(9):18.(GAO X L, BA W Y, ZHANG Z, et al. Model and analysis of solute microsegregation during continuous casting solidification of bainite track steel[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2023, 54(9): 18.)
[19]
GAO X, YANG S, LI J. Effects of micro-alloying elements and continuous casting parameters on reducing segregation in continuously cast slab[J]. Materials & Design, 2016, 110(15):284.
[20]
常立忠,高岗,施晓芳,等.镁对GCr15轴承钢中液析碳化物的影响[J].过程工程学报,2019,19(2):362.(CHANG L Z, GAO G, SHI X F, et al. Effect of magnesium on liquid carbides in GCr15 bearing steel[J]. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering, 2019, 19(2): 362.)
[21]
ZHANG G H, CHAE J Y, KIM K H, et al. Effects of Mn, Si and Cr addition on the dissolution and coarsening of pearlitic cementite during intercritical austenitization in Fe-1 mass%C alloy[J]. Materials Characterization, 2013, 81:56.
[22]
WU Y X, SUN W W, GAO X, et al. The effect of alloying elements on cementite coarsening during martensite tempering[J]. Acta Materialia, 2020, 183: 418.
[23]
KOZESCHNIK E, BHADESHIA H K D H. Influence of silicon on cementite precipitation in steels[J]. Materials Science and Technology, 2008, 24(3): 343.
[24]
WEILING W, TENGFEI L, ZONGHUI L, et al. Influences of cooling rate on solidification microstructure and carbide of GCR15 bearing steel[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2023, 54: 776.
[25]
孟新宇,管国富,周磊磊,等. BN1TL不锈钢连铸坯组织对鳞折缺陷形成影响及试验验证[J].中国冶金,2023,33(1):111.(MENG X Y, GUAN G F, ZHOU L L, et al. Effect of structure of BN1TL stainless steel continuous casting billet on the formation of flake defects and experimental verification[J]. China Metallurgy, 2023, 33(1): 111.)
[26]
陈广兴,许晓嫦. 15CrMoR钢的显微组织与时效冲击性能[J].钢铁,2022,57(7):146.(CHEN G X, XU X C. Microstructure and aging impact properties of 15CrMoR steel[J]. Iron and Steel, 2022, 57(7): 146.)
[27]
黄希祜.钢铁冶金原理[M]. 4版. 北京:冶金工业出版社,2013.(HUANG X H. Principles of Iron and Steel Metallurgy[M]. Fourth edition. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press,2013.)
2024, Vol. 34 
