Research status of low carbon smelting for metallized burden in blast furnace
CAI Dawei1,2, CHEN Qingyue2, PAN Jian2, ZHU Deqing2, YANG Congcong2
1. Strategy Department, Hunan Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd., Changsha 410004, Hunan, China; 2. School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
Abstract：Low-carbon smelting in blast furnace is the key pathway to achieve the "carbon peaking" and "carbon neutrality" goals in iron and steel industry. Blast furnace smelting with metallized burden (MB) is an effective measure to promote energy saving and consumption reduction in blast furnace, which can reduce the coke ratio and CO2 emission and increase the yield of blast furnace. The current status of MB blast furnace smelting in terms of theoretical research and application at home and abroad is reviewed. The influence of MB on blast furnace smelting performance, thermal dynamics, energy consumption and yield is revealed. By evaluating the impact of MB blast furnace smelting on the production cost and CO2 emission of the blast furnace, the analysis of economy and ecology is carried out. Adding MB to blast furnace is conducive to reducing the cost of ton iron. There are some limiting factors such as MB price, natural gas price, furnace burden structure, etc., which have strong advantages in energy saving and environmental protection. Finally, the future development of MB blast furnace smelting and the direction of efforts are briefly analyzed.
蔡大为, 陈青月, 潘建, 朱德庆, 杨聪聪. 金属化炉料的高炉低碳冶炼研究现状[J]. 中国冶金, 2024, 34(2): 9-20.
CAI Dawei, CHEN Qingyue, PAN Jian, ZHU Deqing, YANG Congcong. Research status of low carbon smelting for metallized burden in blast furnace[J]. China Metallurgy, 2024, 34(2): 9-20.
HASANBEIGI A,ARENS M,CARDENAS J C R,et al. Comparison of carbon dioxide emissions intensity of steel production in China,Germany,Mexico,and the United States[J]. Resources,Conservation and Recycling,2016,113:127.
[2]
邢奕,崔永康,田京雷,等. 钢铁行业低碳技术应用现状与展望[J]. 工程科学学报,2022,44(4):801.(XING Y,CUI Y K,TIAN J L,et al. Application status and prospect of low carbon technology in iron and steel industry[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering,2022,44(4):801.)
[3]
薛英岚,张静,刘宇,等. “双碳”目标下钢铁行业控煤降碳路线图[J]. 环境科学,2022,43(10):1.(XUE Y L,ZHANG J,LIU Y,et al. Roadmap of coal control and carbon reduction in the steel industry under the carbon peak and neutralization target[J]. Environmental Science,2022,43(10):1.)
[4]
董金池,汪旭颖,蔡博峰,等. 中国钢铁行业CO2减排技术及成本研究[J]. 环境工程,2021,39(10):23.(DONG J C,WANG X Y,CAI B F,et al. Mitigation technologies and marginal abatement cost for iron and steel industry in China[J]. Environmental Engineering,2021,39(10):23.)
[5]
项钟庸,王筱留,顾向涛. 再论落实高炉低碳炼铁生产方针[J]. 中国冶金,2021,31(9):9.(XIANG Z Y,WANG X L,GU X T. Further discussion on implementing production policy of low carbon ironmaking of blast furnace[J]. China Metallurgy,2021,31(9):9.)
[6]
孔令坛. 中国炼铁原料技术的科技进步和展望[J]. 中国冶金,2003,13(4):4.(KONG L T. Scientific and technological progress and prospect of iron making raw material technology in China[J]. China Metallurgy,2003,13(4):4.)
[7]
康兴东,赵军,刘建朋,等. 国内外金属化球团矿技术现状及其应用[C]//2009年金属矿产资源高效选冶加工利用和节能减排技术及设备学术研讨与技术成果推广交流暨设备展示会论文集. 桂林:中国冶金矿山企业协会矿山技术委员会,金属矿产资源高效循环利用国家工程研究中心,国家固体废物处理与处置工程技术研究中心,2009:114.(KANG X D,ZHAO J,LIU J P,et al. Status and application of technology of domestic and foreign metallized pellets[C]//2009 Metal mineral resources efficient selection, metallurgy, processing and utilization and energy-saving emission reduction technology and equipment academic discussion and technical achievements promotion exchange and equipment exhibition proceedings. Gui Lin:Mining Technical Committee of China Metallurgical Mining Enterprises Association,National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Recycling of Metal Mineral Resources,National Engineering Technology Research Center for Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal,2009:114.)
[8]
闫瑞军,储满生,柳政根,等. 50%CO2+50%CO气氛下金属化炉料非等温反应动力学[J]. 中国冶金,2023,33(4):33.(YAN R J,CHU M S,LIU Z G,et al. Non-isothermal reaction kinetics of metallized burden in 50%CO2+50%CO gas mixture[J]. China Metallurgy,2023,33(4):33.)
[9]
赵庆杰,储满生,王治卿,等. 直接还原铁(DRI/HBI)的品质与使用价值[C]//中国金属学会2008年非高炉炼铁年会. 延吉:中国金属学会非高炉炼铁学术委员会,2008:122.(ZHAO Q J,CHU M S,WANG Z Q,et al. Quality and value of direct reduced iron (DRI/HBI)[C]// Chinese Metal Society 2008 non-blast furnace ironmaking Annual meeting. Yanji:Academic Committee of Non-blast furnace ironmaking of Chinese Metal Society,2008:122.)
[10]
胡兵,甘敏,王兆才. 预还原烧结技术的研究现状与新技术的开发[J]. 烧结球团,2017,42(6):22.(HU B,GAN M,WANG Z C. Research status of pre-reduction sintering technology and development on the new technology[J]. Sintering and Pelletizing,2017,42(6):22.)
[11]
陈麒公,潘建,朱德庆,等. 磁铁矿球团金属化烧结[J]. 钢铁,2023,58(10):12.(CHEN Q G,PAN J,ZHU D Q,et al. Metallization sintering of magnetite pellets[J]. Iron and Steel,2023,58(10):12.)
[12]
宋赞,李相帅,查春和. 我国直接还原铁工艺的发展现状及趋势[J]. 冶金管理,2020(16):22.(SONG Z,LI X S,CHA C H. Development status and trend of direct reduced iron technology in China[J]. Metallurgical Management,2020(16):22.)
[13]
ASSOCIATION I M. Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)[EB/OL]. (2019-11-14). https://www.metallics.org/dri.html.
[14]
吴耀光,肖步庆,朱立光,等. 电炉炼钢钢铁原料的现状分析与展望[J]. 钢铁,2021,56(11):55.(WU Y G,XIAO B Q,ZHU L G,et al. Current situation analysis and prospect of iron and steel raw material for electric arc furnace steelmaking[J]. Iron and Steel,2021,56(11):55.)
[15]
MONSEN B,THOMASSEN E,BRAKSTAD I,et al. Characterization of DR pellets for DRI applications[C]//Iron and Steel Technology Conference. Cleveland,USA:[s.n.],2015:1.
[16]
LIU Z,YU Z,SHE X F,et al. Numerical investigation of blast furnace operation with scrap charging[J]. Metals,2020,10(12):1.
[17]
王达志. 废钢在转炉炼钢中高效利用的基础研究[D]. 北京:北京科技大学,2023.(WANG D Z. Basic Research on Efficient Utilization of Scrap Steel in Converter Steelmaking[D]. Beijing:University of Science and Technology Beijing,2023.)
[18]
冷长明,姜鑫,薛庆斌,等. 高比例酸性炉料对高炉操作的影响及应对措施[J]. 钢铁,2022,57(7):16.(LENG C M,JIANG X,XUE Q B,et al. Effects of high proportion of acid burden on blast furnace operation and its countermeasures[J]. Iron and Steel,2022,57(7):16.)
[19]
张树江,靳建强,苗广友. 优化配料及高炉炉料结构探讨[C]//2015年第三届炼铁对标、节能降本及相关技术研讨会.宁波:河北省冶金学会,2015:217.(ZHANG S J, JIN J Q,MIAO G Y. Discussion on optimization of batching and structure of blast furnace charge[C]//2015 The third iron making standard,energy saving and cost reduction and related technology seminar. Ningbo:Hebei Metallurgy Society,2015:217.)
[20]
THOMAS B U S J K,MCCLELLAND A J M. The direct reduction of iron[J]. Treatise on Process Metallurgy,2014(3):89.
[21]
刘颖超,王京彬,佘雪峰,等. 添加废钢对高炉炉料软熔特性的影响[J]. 河北冶金,2021(11):14.(LIU Y C,WANG J B,SHE X F,et al. Effect of addition on soft melting characteristics of blast furnace burden[J]. Hebei Metallurgy,2021(11):14.)
[22]
SCHMÖLE P. 高炉使用预还原材料的冶金、生态及经济性分析[C]//中德(欧)冶金技术研讨会论文集. 德国杜塞尔多夫:中国金属学会,德国钢铁学会,2007:45.(SCHMÖLE P. Metallurgical, ecological and economic analysis of pre-returned raw materials used in blast furnaces[C]// Proceedings of the Sino-German (European) Metallurgical Technology Seminar. Dusseldorf,Germany:Chinese Society of Metals, German Iron and Steel Society,2007:45.)
[23]
HUITU K,HELLE M,HELLE H,et al. Optimization of Midrex direct reduced iron use in ore-based steelmaking[J]. Steel Research International,2015,86(5):456.
[24]
DI CECCA P B S M. Use of DRI/HBI in ironmaking and steelmaking furnaces[J]. La Metallurgia Italiana,2016(4):37.
[25]
张旭孝,韩宏亮,姜曦. 高炉添加金属化球团炉料的冶金性能试验[J]. 中国冶金,2015,25(5):15.(ZHANG X X,HAN H L,JIANG X. Experiment on metallurgical properties of blast furnace burden containing metallized pellets[J]. China Metallurgy,2015,25(5):15.)
[26]
韩宏亮,冯根生,姜曦. 高炉原料中配加金属化球团的实验研究[C]//2014年全国炼铁生产技术会暨炼铁学术年会文集(上). 郑州:中国金属学会,2014:483.(HAN H L,FENG G S,JIANG X. Experiment research on adding metallized pellets in blast furnace burden[C]//2014 National Ironmaking Production Technology Meeting and Ironmaking academic Annual meeting (Part 1). Zhengzhou: Chinese Society of Metals,2014:483.)
[27]
TOVAROVSKIY I G,GORDON Y M,MERKULOV A E,等. 炉料金属化率对高炉工艺和操作参数的影响[J]. 世界钢铁,2013,13(5):1.(TOVAROVSKIY I G,GORDON Y M,MERKULOV A E,et al. Influence of preliminary metallization of metallic burden on blast furnace process and performance parameters[J]. World Iron and Steel,2013,13(5):1.)
[28]
郝志强,李香彩,汪琦. 炉料金属化率对富氧喷煤高炉冶炼过程的影响[J]. 钢铁研究学报,2000(增刊1):81.(HAO Z Q,LI X C,WANG Q. Effect of metallization degree of burden on ironmaking operation of BF with oxygen enriched blast and coal injection[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2000(Supplement 1):81.)
[29]
高建军,张颖异,齐渊洪,等. 高炉冶炼预还原炉料能耗分析[J]. 钢铁,2014,49(7):61.(GAO J J,ZHANG Y Y,QI Y H,et al. Energy consumption analysis on blast furnace ironmaking process using pre-reduced burden[J]. Iron and Steel,2014,49(7):61.)
[30]
KAUSHIK P,FRUEHAN R J. Mixed burden softening and melting phenomena in blast furnace operation part 1: X-Ray observation of ferrous burden[J]. Ironmaking and Steelmaking,2013,33(6):507.
[31]
KAUSHIK P,FRUEHAN R J. Mixed burden softening and melting phenomena in blast furnace operation part 2: Mechanism of softening and melting and impact on cohesive zone[J]. Ironmaking and Steelmaking,2013,33(6):520.
[32]
陈衍彪. 新型炉料制备及在富氢高炉下的冶金行为研究[D]. 北京:北京科技大学,2023.(CHEN Y B. Study on Preparation of New Burden and Metallurgical Behavior in Hydron-rich Blast Furnace[D]. Beijing:University of Science and Technology Beijing,2023.)
[33]
ЧЕРНОБРИВЕЧ Б Ф,李雨泽. 高炉使用金属化球团矿炉料的冶炼分析[J]. 湖南冶金,1988 (1):56.(ЧЕРНОБРИВЕЧ Б Ф,LI Y Z. Smelting analysis of metal pellet charge used in blast furnace[J]. Hunan Metallurgy,1988 (1):56.)
[34]
钢铁之都. 直接还原铁在高炉炼铁中的应用[EB/OL] (2019-4-14). https://www.163.com/dy/article/ECOFFMCO0519 DELK.html.(Steel city. Application of direct reduced iron in blast furnace ironmaking [EB/OL] (2019-4-14). https://www.163.com/dy/article/ECOFFMCO0519DELK.html.)
[35]
章苇玲,牛长胜,王亚锋. 湛钢高炉配加金属化球团冶炼实践[J]. 炼铁,2019,38(4):27.(ZHANG W L,NIU C S,WANG Y F. Smelting practice of Cham Steel blast furnace with metallized pellets[J]. Ironmaking,2019,38(4):27.)
[36]
WANG D Z,BAO Y P,GAO F,et al. Effect of converter scrap ratio on carbon emission in BF-LD process[J]. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy,2022,8(4):1975.
[37]
MA S H,WEN Z G,CHEN J N,et al. Mode of circular economy in China′s iron and steel industry:A case study in Wu′an City[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2014,64:505.
[38]
张涛,李哲,吴振刚. 高炉-转炉工艺高废钢比冶炼实践[J]. 河北冶金,2020(9):35.(ZHANG T,LI Z,WU Z G. Smelting practice of blast furnace converter process with high scrap ratio[J]. Hebei Metallurgy,2020(9):35.)
[39]
韩宏松,姜鑫,仇彬,等. 废钢在高炉内软熔性能研究及应用[J]. 中国冶金,2021,31(2):60.(HAN H S,JIANG X,QIU B,et al. Research on cohesive characteristic of scrap and utilization practice[J]. China Metallurgy,2021,31(2):60.)
[40]
KATO K,ONO H. Effect of ratio of scrap to iron source on slag-metal reaction at the bottom of blast furnace and packed bed type partial smelting reduction furnace[J]. ISIJ International,2021,61(12):2979.
[41]
王晓光,朱云杰. 高炉配加废钢下的燃料消耗定量分析[J]. 天津冶金,2019(1):13.(WANG X G,ZHU Y J. Quantitative analysis of fuel consumption in the course of ironmaking with scrap added to blast furnace[J]. Tianjin Metallurgy,2019(1):13.)
[42]
沙永志,宋阳升. 未来高炉炼铁工艺之管见[J]. 炼铁,2018,37(5):1.(SHA Y Z,SONG Y S. Outlook of future BF ironmaking technology[J]. Ironmaking,2018,37(5):1.)
[43]
卢开成,周海林,王书龙. 梅钢2号高炉添加废钢生产实践[J]. 炼铁,2018,37(5):43.(LU K C,ZHOU H L,WANG S L. Production practice of adding scrap steel to No. 2 blast furnace of Meigang[J]. Ironmaking,2018,37(5):43.)
[44]
刘立广,陈生利,陈彦铭. 韶钢6号高炉加废钢提产量试验[J]. 炼铁,2019,38(4):37.(LIU L G,CHEN S L,CHEN Y M. Production test of adding scrap to No. 6 blast furnace in Shaogang[J]. Ironmaking,2019,38(4):37.)
[45]
李宏玉,莫朝兴,唐志宏,等. 柳钢5#高炉加废钢降成本分析与实践[J]. 工业炉,2018,40(2):39.(LI H Y,MO Z X,TANG Z H,et al. Cost reduction analysis and practice of adding scrap to 5# blast furnace in Liugang[J]. Industrial Furnace,2018,40(2):39.)
[46]
曾凡波. 中天钢铁5#高炉炉内加废钢操作分析与实践总结[C]//智能技术在炼铁上的应用研讨会论文集. 嘉兴:江苏省金属学会,上海市金属学会,山东金属学会,山西省金属学会,2019:45.(ZENG F B. Operation analysis and practice summary of adding scrap in 5# blast furnace of Zhongtian iron and steel[C]//Proceedings of the Symposium on the application of Intelligent technology in ironmaking. Jiaxing:Jiangsu Metal Society,Shanghai Metal Society,Shandong Metal Society,Shanxi Metal Society,2019:45.)
[47]
WANG Y,ZUO H,ZHAO J. Recent progress and development of ironmaking in China as of 2019:An overview[J]. Ironmaking and Steelmaking,2020,47(6):640.
[48]
刘然,张智峰,刘小杰,等. 低碳绿色炼铁技术发展动态及展望[J]. 钢铁,2022,57(5):1.(LIU R,ZHANG Z F,LIU X J,et al. Development trend and prospect of low-carbon green ironmaking technology[J]. Iron and Steel,2022,57(5):1.)
[49]
李严,张小毛,岳争超. 大冶特钢1#高炉配加废钢原料生产实践[J]. 四川冶金,2021,43(5):20.(LI Y,ZHANG X M,YUE Z C. Production practice of adding scrap raw material to blast furnace of Daye Special Steel 1#[J]. Sichuan Metallurgy,2021,43(5):20.)
[50]
凌志宏,周凌云,匡洪锋. 韶钢高炉加废钢生产实践[J]. 宝钢技术,2023(1):53.(LING Z H,ZHOU L Y,KUANG H F. Production practice of adding scrap steel to the blast furnace at Shaogang[J]. Baosteel Technology,2023(1):53.)
[51]
田仕友. 转底炉产品金属化球团用作高炉原料的分析和计算[J]. 工业加热,2022,51(12):13.(TIAN S Y. Analysis and calculation of DRI pellets from RHF as bf raw material[J]. Industrial Heating,2022,51(12):13.)
[52]
我的钢铁. 2023年8月11日国内市场炼钢海绵铁价格行情[EB/OL]. (2023-8-11) https://shengtie.mysteel.com/m/23081109/D225FA4EA2718827.html.(My Steel. The price of steel sponge iron in the domestic market on August 11,2023[EB/OL]. (2023-8-11) https://shengtie.mysteel.com/m/23081109/D225FA4EA2718827.html.)
[53]
刘颖超,王京彬,刘燕军,等. 高炉添加废钢的能耗和经济性分析[C]//2019年全国高炉炼铁学术年会摘要集. 贵阳:中国金属学会炼铁分会,2019:61. (LIU Y C,WANG J B,LIU Y J,et al. Energy consumption and economic analysis of adding scrap steel to blast furnace[C]//2019 National Blast Furnace Ironmaking Academic Annual Conference summary collection. Guiyang:Ironmaking Branch of Chinese Society of Metals,2019:61.)
[54]
马方清,杨子超,张啟龙,等. 热压铁块降低高炉CO2排放量的探究[J]. 南方金属,2023(4):30.(MA F Q,YANG Z C,ZHANG Q L,et al. Research on reducing CO2 emissions of BF by hot-pressed iron[J]. Southern Metals,2023(4):30.)
[55]
JAIMES W,MAROUFI S. Sustainability in steelmaking[J]. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry,2020,24:42.
[56]
RYMAN C,LARSSON M. Reduction Of CO2 emissions from integrated steelmaking by optimised scrap strategies:Application of process integration models on the BF-BOF system[J]. ISIJ International,2006,46(12):1752.
[57]
SAHOO M,SARKAR S,DAS A,et al. Role of scrap recycling for CO2 emission reduction in steel plant:A model based approach[J]. Steel Research International,2019,90(8):1.
[58]
熊玮,胡忆,袁琛,等. 高炉使用废钢的环境影响分析[J]. 武汉科技大学学报,2020,43(6):401.(XIONG W,HU Y,YUAN C,et al. Environmental impact of scrap charge in blast furnace[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology,2020,43(6):401.)
2024, Vol. 34 
