It is a systematic work to achieve long campaign life of a blast furnace. The present paper introduces experiences from a number of foreign blast furnaces with long campaign life. The paper also introduces the long life blast furnaces in recent 20 years and points out some measures of hearth corrosion delay in operation such as forming solidification layer on hearth side wall， controlling molten iron circulation by improving tapping system and avoiding local erosion by changing the internal structure of the dead man. The paper mentions relevant detailed measures for different hearth corrosion stages as well.

The paper analyses the mechanism of the damage of furnace hearth and acknowledges that the mechanical washout of molten slag and iron is the crucial factor for the breakout of modern furnace hearth. Nowadays the overdue corrosion index of carbon bricks is the main cause of hearth break. The elongation of hearth life is based on the improvement of refractory material quality.

Maintenance is the key factor to long campaign life of blast furnace hearth. The present paper makes comprehensive analysis on the maintenance factors related to blast furnace hearth campaign life such as air gap, solidified layer and heat load. Such analyses point out several effective measurements which can be applied on maintenance to achieve long campaign life of blast furnace.

Firstly, this paper introduces the informationization development process of iron & steel enterprises at home and abroad. Then, the paper analyzes the development status and market of informationization in China's iron & steel enterprises. Finally, introduces the key technology of informationization in iron & steel enterprises and pointed out the future development direction of China's steel industry information.

Introducing the VD vacuum refining technology development actuality， the paper pointed out that the VD multifunction should be the future development trend. to focus on the research and development of oxygen decarburization， deep desulfurization and deep degas technology is the key to realize VD multifunction. On this basis， the high efficient equipment and mechanical pump system were introduced in VD vacuum refining situation. The mechanical pump system is a viable option in vacuum refining.

The various factors that influence the reducibility of iron ore and the characteristic of reduction kinetics was systematically studied in this paper. The reducibility of iron ore was affected by the chemical composition， po- rosity and mineral composition. Overall， the basic oxide will promote the reduction of iron ore， while the acid oxide will retard the reduction. The reducibility of iron ore can be improved by increasing the content of micro pore and easily reduced mineral phase， such as calcium ferrite. Generally， unreacted core model was applied to study the gas- solid reduction kinetics of iron ore. The controlling steps were different in different stages of the reduction. In the case of reduction from wustite to metal iron， the reduction was controlled by gas diffusion and interface chemical re- action at the early stage of reduction. At the final stage， it was controlled by interface chemical reaction. According to the current study and resources status， two aspects on the study of iron ore reduction were proposed:① the in- fluence of Al 2 O 3 ， K 2 O， Na 2 O， ZnO on the reduction behavior of iron ore;② the study of gas-solid reduction kinet- ics of actual BF ferrous burden， such as sinter， pellet and lump.

The situation about output production and market requirement of tinplate in China are introduced. Then its characteristic and disadvantage， tendency is analyzed.

The“Slag-Remaining+Double-Slag” BOF steelmaking technology has been developed and applied on a large scale in Qianan Steelworks and Shouqin Steelworks of Shougang Corporation Ltd. As the result， the lime con- sumption and the slag generated in BOF steelmaking have been remarkably decreased. In this paper， three important measures taken in application of the new steelmaking technology are introduced:① To solve the two most serious problems， i.e. difficult to make fast and especially enough amount of deslagging and decrease the amount of the me- tallic Fe droplets in the slag， low basicity（ w（CaO）/ w（SiO 2 ）∶1.3～1.5） and low MgO（≤7.5%） slag is used in the dephosphorization stage.②Hard blow pattern（low oxygen lance position and high O 2 flow rate） is adopted to take use of the top blown O 2 jet to strengthen the agitation of the bath in the dephosphorization stage， through which good dephosphorization has been obtained.③By speeding up the operations and particularly by optimize the control and matching of the steelmaking， secondary refining and continuous casting， the output of the steel has not been reduced though the BOF tap to tap time has been increased by about 4min after using the new technology.

Single snorkel refining furnace （SSRF） is new equipment in steel refining which is invented from China. It is known by more and more people as simple construction， high production efficiency and little splash in vacuum refining. It has been used to produce bearing steel， ULC steel and non-oriented electrical steel domestically. SSRF has good metallurgical properties at deeply decarburization， desulfurization， deoxidation， remove inclusions and so on， and achieved good refining results. The operating parameters such as gas flow rate， plug location， inner diameter of snorkel and immersing depth of snorkel in SSRF were widely study by water model and mathematical model. The results of aforementioned study can play important reference and instructive role for commercial production. In this paper， REDA as a similar equipment from construction and principle that invented in Japan was also discussed. It has been applied to produce ULC steel and stainless steel.

The present status and challenges of blast furnace ironmaking technology are analyzed， and the developing objectives of the contemporary BF ironmaking process are mentioned. The significance and function of high blast temperature and oxygen enriched-pulverized coal injection for BF ironmaking are described. The key technologies of high blast temperature and oxygen enriched-PCI are discussed and evaluated emphatically. Promoting blast temperature and improving oxygen enrichment ratio， as well as enhancing PCI rate are important guarantee for saving fuel consumption， re- ducing operation cost， and realizing sustainable development. There are broad developing prospects of contemporary BF process under the condition of high blast temperature and low fuel ratio in ironmaking technologies.

Blast furnace visualization and simulation technology are mainly used to monitor BF burden charging process and various operation status to guide furnace operation. Top video camera and thermal camera are used to observe burden charge equipment running and burden surface situation. Tuyere camera is used to monitor the work- ing status and PCI situation in every tuyere with images and diagrams displayed in control room. Laser detector is used to observe online burden surface configuration. Laser technology can be also used for burden filling study to ob- tain burden falling trajectories and understanding status of burden distribution. Burden distribution model is used to simulate burden distribution and burden surface descending process to help operators adjust burden charge opera- tion. Blast furnace visualization and simulation technology have been applied in Shagang（5800m 3 BF） and other steel companies（totally more than 500 BFs） in Mainland China. Besides， Taiwan China and oversea steel companies have also adopted these technologies with dozens of BFs.

各位会员、各位读者：值此辞旧迎新之际，我代表中国金属学会向全体会员、单位会员、专业分会和地方学会致以最诚挚的祝福和问候，向曾经关心、支持和对中国金属学会发展做出贡献的各位领导、专家、朋友们致以最衷心的感谢!

The greenhouse effect of CO₂ has been paid more attention by the environmental workers all over the world. CO₂ sequestrated by mineral to form carbonate is an effective way to reduce the harm. The feasibility of this approach, reaction mechanism and affecting factors of carbonation rate are analyzed in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics. Moreover, process routes, costs and the performance and use of products are summarized. Finally, it is suggested that iron and steel industrial waste, slag, should be a promising option for developing mineral sequestration.

The feature of iron and steel manufacture process in China had been analyzed and the present status of direct reduction technology in China had been reviewed at first. The trend of direct reduction technology development has been given with consideration of natural resources in China. A 1.8Mt/a combined process of Shell coal gasification and HYL/Energiron direct reduction shaft has been proposed as an example. The parameters, technical and economic index of new process have been described as well. This article provided a scheme for the engineering of direct reduction which using synthesis gas as reducing agent.

The oxidized pellets, which are prepared form domestic magnetic iron concentrate, show good comprehensive performance and can be used in gas-based shaft furnace to produce direct reduction iron. Lignite and low metamorphic bituminous coal reserves of China for the coal gasification occupies the 50% above of coal reserves about and can meet the needs of the development of the coal chemical industry. Synthesize the demand of coal, the ability of production, the quality of coal gas and the index of energy consumption, select the suitable coal gasification, and finally forms the new gasification-shaft furnace direct reduction iron-making process which takes the coal-formed gas as the reductant and the shaft furnace as the reactor. The new process is an effective way to develop direct reduction iron and low carbon ironmaking in china where nature gas resource is poor and noncoking coal resource is rich.

Baosteel ironmaking always strives to become optimization of ironmaking as a goal, and in the context of external conditions deterioration, always focus on the basic principles of stable and smooth running of blast furnace. Through strengthening blast furnace raw material management, and constantly optimizing the operation system, the rational distribution of gas flow in blast furnace and high utilization rate of gas are realized. Through adopting dry type bag filter cleaning technology, pure water closed circulating system and improving TRT, hot stove residual heat recovery equipment and other energy-saving equipment energy saving effect, fuel ratio and energy consumption of blast furnace are decreased continuously, the low carbon production of blast furnace is realized.

By means of advanced cooling system（cooling rate flexible adjusted and cooling temperature accurately controlled）， the cooling route and process parameters are set up for adjusting the microstructure of hot rolled steels according to the materials chemistry and property requirement， so that the synthetic strengthening including the grain refinement， precipitation， and transformation strengthening is carried out and the potential of steels is re- leased. The developed technology and equipment are now applying to the production of hot strip， plate， H-beam， bar for producing resource-reduction production. Compared with conventional TMCP， the new generation TMCP can save amount of alloy elements about 30%， or enhance the strength of steels about 100～200 MPa or more， and improve the ductility， so that the amount of steel used will be saved for 5%～10%， and the energy used will be saved for 10%～15%. The technology was listed in Guiding to the Key Common Technology of Industry 2011， De- velopment Plan of Iron and Steel Industry 2011-2015 and Catalog of Structure Adjustment of Industry 2011.

The paper summed up and combed into the development conditions and existing problems of blast furnace production in China in the 21^st century， and then discussed the future development direction of blast furnace production in China and ironmaking technology.

By using technology of slag circulation, making full use of the dust, shougang jingtang steel company had made a great progress in low cost product, The product cost by “Full-Tri-De” process reduced sharply than normal process; By using dephosphorization and steelmaking technology of “one key type”, the control level of high drawing speed and constant drawing speed of CCM had been improved, the quality of costing slab had been improved too; at the same time, the cleanliness of steel improved step by step.

A physical modeling system was set up from the similarity theory for the bottom blowing argon process in a 120 t ladle of Tianjin Iron and Steel Group Co.， Ltd.Through the water model experiments， the influence of dif- ferent bottom blowing conditions on the complete mixing time in the ladle was measured， and the slag entrapment in ladle has been investigated.The influence of different operation parameters（time and flow rate of argon blowing） on non-metallic inclusions removal effect in ladle has been investigated， which provide the basis for improvements of o- riginal process.

A brief description is given for general situation and production status of medium and heavy plate in China. The development trend and problems of medium and heavy plate are analyzed. Key technologies about production of high strength and high toughness steel plate，fire-resistant steel plate，weathering steel plate， anti-seismic steel plate，special steel plate，high corrosion resistant steel and fundamental problems about process technologies of medium and heavy plate that need to be studied are also discussed.

In order to improve the economic efficiency of oil and gas transportion, pipeline steels are developing to ultra-high strength level. The development and performance of ultra-high strength pipeline steels are reviewed and discussed on the view point of chemical composition design, strengthening mechanism, toughness improvement, and production technology. Regarding the combination of high strength and good toughness in conjunction with excellant weldability, the technology difficulties on the development of ultra-high strength steels are discussed. The trend on the production technology and special welding process are outlined.

The steel-making system is a discrete and continuous process, which includes many types of equipment and is affected by many factors. The key factors to cast in a constant speed are steel temperature, transportation of the steel in converter steelmaking, secondary refining and continuous casting process. The constant casting speed technology is required for good condition equipment, scientific production process and optimized production routine. With the development and application of constant casting speed technology in Qian’an steel company, the constant casting speed ratio is already stable at 97% by optimizing the production process, strengthening the process controlling ability and scientific, stable, efficiency production organization. Million tons of liquid steel was casted without mold breakout.

With combination of high level and high requirement development trend for building of modern iron and steel plant at coastal region， this paper elaborates emphatically research， innovation and application is aspects of compact general layout， short interfaces between working procedures， optimization of material flow and energy flow， economical and practical greenery of saline alkali soil， etc.， for Shougang Jingtang Iron and Steel Plant.

Hydrogen metallurgy is one of the effective methods to reduce CO₂ emissions in iron and steel industry. Now large-scale hydrogen production was still depended on fossil fuels, therefore, the total CO₂ emissions is not obvious reduced even if hydrogen metallurgy is used in iron and steel industry. It can provide a source of hydrogen for hydrogen metallurgy and can reduce the CO₂ emission that hydrogen may be produced gas in iron and steel enterprises or "Gas Hydrate" by water gas shift. In the paper, the hydrogen metallurgical idea under low temperature was proposed, the key technology was studied. Carbon - hydrogen smelting reduction process was also researched. The theoretical foundation will be established for hydrogen metallurgical technology development.

Development of metallurgy technology is extremely dependent on energy technology，clean energy metallurgy will promote metallurgy technology comprehensive、profound changes, in the future, there will be a type of Ultra-short process clean energy Steel Plant, whose major process is clean energy-induction furnace- Casting. Clean energy can provide not only enough energy used for metallurgy, but also electron to produce hydrogen and electrolysis. Metallurgy energy must satisfy new conditions: the first point is immense consumption both power and total energy; the second point is continuously stable energy supply, so generate electricity、energy storage and energy supply of clean energy are important technical questions which should be researched and exploited.

The paper introduced the present and the maintenance method of coke oven of BaoStee. The principle, the technical performance and the wall situation of the ceramics weld technology was emphasized. the ceramics weld technology can repair the defects and perforation of the wall, and the material can up to about three years,extended the using time of the coke oven.The economic benefits are impressive. The application of ceramics weld technology is very useful for the wall of coke oven, also avoid the semi-dry spray fill the drawbacks.

The basic concept of oxide metallurgy is elaborated in this paper. The effects and the formation mecha- nisms of intragranular ferrite are outlined， and the application of oxide metallurgy technique for improving the strength and toughness of heat-affected zone and the toughness of non-quenched and tempered steel are introduced too. Besides， the developmental directions of oxide metallurgy are analyzed briefly.

The major improvements of iron making system in Ji'nan Steel for last years are introduced in the paper， focusing on the technology explorations as composite cooling wall with copper and steel plate， top burning hot air stove technology of 3 200 m 3 BF， sampling improvement from hot blasting waste gas， pulverized coal stockpile pre- venting in bag box， long lifetime distributing burden chute and self cleaning technology by pellet pitching.

In order to analyze the CO 2 emissions reduction effect produced by the technology substituting limestone for lime to slag in BOF， some data of the energy consumption and CO 2 emissions were calculated by comparing the mode charging limestone directly into converter for slagging with the mode calcining limestone for lime then charging lime into converter for slagging. The results showed the CO 2 emissions of 1.29 and 1.12 kilogram can be reduced in the condition of 1 kilogram lime being replaced by limestone， using steel scrap and iron pig as cooling agent respec- tively. This technology will bring huge environmental benefits for the steel industry.

Low-temperature metallurgy is to study the theories and methods of accelerating reduction of iron ore at a lower temperature by refining iron ore, using catalyst and other means, and provide theoretical basis for the development of the alternative ironmaking process with low energy consumption, low carbon emission, and high efficiency. The research results of low-temperature reduction theory including: fine iron ores have nanograins; energy storage of fine iron ore can improve the utilization efficiency of reducing gas; reaction efficiency can be improved by size refining; the reaction rate can be increased with catalyst; the transmission conditions of the low-temperature reaction are improved; the fluidization mechanism of the multi-stage circulating fluidized bed is studied; and iron nuggets are smelted at a lower temperature. The new technologies of the low-temperature metallurgy including: the improved smelting reduction ironmaking process; low-temperature reduction process of high-quality sponge iron and iron nuggets. Low-temperature reduction process is expected to achieve the energy saving, low-carbon, efficient and low-cost metallurgy, and can be applied to the comprehensive utilization of low-grade iron ore, ferrous metallurgical slag, red mud and vanadium titano magnetite, ilmenite, etc.

With growing demands of steel quality, purity of steel becomes more and more important, steel purity is controlled by a wide range of metallurgical technology and operating practices in order to achieve low or ultralow content level of harmful elements (S, P, N, H, O). This paper reviews the different aspects of steel products, removal principle and technology, and attaining the required ultralow level of sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen.

The history and current status of oriented electrical steels are briefly reviewed. The difficulties and focal points in the production of oriented electrical steels are analyzed. The advances and prospects on the process, technology and products of oriented electrical steels are presented.

In this paper, some experiences on the design of furnace profile for Baosteel No.3 blast furnace (3BF) and its adaption to the routine operations are summarized. With the stabilization of operation profile, the 3BF had some features of thin-wall blast furnace and became easier to operate. Gradually the operation profile tended to be reasonable and adaptable for the routine operations, and some satisfactory operational indices have been achieved. During 17 years of continuous production, some measures have been taken to maintain the operation profile of 3BF with the purpose of great activeness and favorable operational indices.

This paper introduces the technical innovation of Shougang Jingtang Steel Plant 5500m³ blast furnace BSK dome combustion hot stove. Ultra large dome combustion hot blast stove optimum technical process is integrated; high temperature 2 stage preheating technology of combustion air and dome combustion hot stove high-efficiency ceramic burner are developed; according to the characteristics of dome combustion hot blast stove, the rational structure of dome and ceramic burner are designed; high efficiency checker brick is adopted, the thermal specification and structure of regenerator are optimized; reasonable hot blast stove checker heating surface is determined. Hot blast stove proper lining design is optimized; the effective technical measures for hot blast stove shell inter-crystalline stress corrosion prevention is applied. According to the thermal conduction calculation of regenerator suitable hot blast stove refractory is configured; the refractory technical performance is improved additionally. Refractory structure design of hot blast pipe system is improved in order to meet the requirement of 1300 ℃ blast temperature. Blast temperature of design level is reached to 1300 ℃ monthly after blast furnace blow in.

In 2010, the average scrap ratio of convertor steelmaking was 7.6% in our country, and that was about 20% in the US and Europe. Foreign Metallurgical workers have done considerable technological research works about the use of scrap in convertor in the laboratories and steel mills, such as the reasonable scrap addition in convertor, melting rate of scrap, measuring the molten bath temperature and carbon transfer coefficient, and utilizing scrap during smelting the high-quality steel etc. We should strengthen study technology and fundamental research works about the use of scrap in convertor.

The present paper described the evolution of different plug for combined blown converter and introduced the new technology about the plug on the disposal optimization, upswing for the configuration, improvement for the manufacturing technics, and long-life maintenance skills.. The most important way to elevate the proportion of bottom blowing is by researching the plug disposal and manufacturing ingredient. The paper put forward the future developing direction and could be useful for the interrelated investigation.

The history and current status of non-oriented electrical steels are briefly reviewed. The difficulties and focal points in the production of non-oriented electrical steels are analyzed. The advances and prospects on the process, technology and product of non-oriented electrical steels are presented.

Special Steel is a material with high-tech products, whose production and application presents a country's industrialization level. Vacuum induction melting (VIM), new-Generation ESR technologies, vacuum arc remelting technologies (VAR), and electron beam melting technologies (EBM) have been introduced in this paper, which are the usual methods for production of high quality special steels. The continuous existence and development of production technologies for special steel will improve steel quality, which will play an important role in the national economy.

Based on the summary to the domestic development of special steels, the technical features of production route in foreign special steel plants have been analyzed. According to the characteristics of resources and society in China, it is brought forward that the new production route for special steels with iron melt as raw material should be developed rapidly.