Leaching of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries by citric acid reducing system
DING Wei1,2, BAO Shenxu1,2,3, SHI Haodong1,2, LIU Bo1,2, ZHANG Yimin1,2,4, REN Liuyi1,2, HOU Xiaochuan5
1. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; 2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; 3. Shaoxing Institute for Advanced Research, Wuhan University of Technology, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China; 4. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; 5. Zhejiang New Era Zhongneng Recycling Technology Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
Abstract:The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries has become more and more important with the increasing use of electric vehicles and portable electronics, and the demand for sustainable resource management. The effects of various reaction parameters on leaching efficiencies of valuable metals Li, Ni, Co, and Mn in the sulfuric acid-citric acid system were investigated with the mixed electrode active materials of spent ternary lithium-ion batteries as the research object. The results show that under the mixed acid system with 1.0 mol/L sulfuric acid as leaching agent and 10% (mass fraction) citric acid as reducing agent, the maximum leaching efficiencies of Co, Ni, Li and Mn are 98.52%, 98.67%, 99.73% and 98.48%, respectively, when the solid-liquid ratio is 40 g/L, the leaching temperature is 80 ℃ and the leaching time is 120 min. On this basis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and electron microprobe analysis(EMPA)were applied to gain insight into the mechanism of sulfuric acid-citric acid collaborative leaching. This study provides a green, safe, and efficient technical solution for recovering valuable metals from mixed electrode materials in spent ternary lithium-ion batteries.
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