Research process on segregation and control of titanium alloy during vacuum arc remelting
LI Mingyu1, YANG Shufeng1,2, LIU Wei1, JIA Lei3, ZHAO Peng1, YAN Yucan1
1. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; 3. Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Abstract：The metallurgical quality of titanium alloy determines mechanical properties and service stability of the material. However, there are still micro and macro segregation defects in titanium alloys melted by vacuum consumable arc furnace, which seriously endangers the safety of products. On the basis of summarizing previous researches and practice, the types, hazards and control methods of segregation defects in vacuum arc melting titanium alloy are reviewed. The reason of segregation formation is analyzed by molten pool flow theory, and the control effect of numerical simulation on segregation is discussed. The control methods of raw material quality, smelting process and smelting equipment are summarized in order to provide reference for optimizing the production process of titanium alloy and improving the quality of vacuum arc smelting products.
李明宇, 杨树峰, 刘威, 贾雷, 赵朋, 鄢宇灿. 真空自耗熔炼钛合金的偏析缺陷及控制研究进展[J]. 中国冶金, 2023, 33(9): 1-10.
LI Mingyu, YANG Shufeng, LIU Wei, JIA Lei, ZHAO Peng, YAN Yucan. Research process on segregation and control of titanium alloy during vacuum arc remelting[J]. China Metallurgy, 2023, 33(9): 1-10.
MITCHELL A,KAWAKAMI A,COCKCROFT S L. Beta fleck and segregation in titanium alloy ingots[J]. High Temperature Materials and Processes,2006,25(5/6):337.
[24]
AUBURTIN P,WANG T,COCKCROFT S L,et al. Freckle formation and freckle criterion in superalloy castings[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2000,31(4):801.
[25]
MITCHELL A. Solidification in remelting processes[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A,2005,10(18):413.
[26]
SHAMBLEN C E. Minimizing beta flecks in the Ti-17 alloy[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,1997,28(5):899.
[27]
ZENG W D,ZHOU Y G,YU H Q. Effect of beta flecks on low-cycle fatigue properties of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,2000,9(2):222.
[28]
MITCHELL A. Melting,casting and forging problems in titanium alloys[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A,1998,243(1/2):257.
[29]
ZAGREBELNYY D,KRANE M J M. Segregation development in multiple melt vacuum arc remelting[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2009,40(3):281.
HYUN Y T,KIM J W,LEE J H,et al. Effect of Fe on the melting of Ti-1023 alloy during vacuum arc remelting[C]//Proceedings of the Ti-2003 Science and Technology. The United States of American:[s.n.],2003:157.
[37]
OKAMOTO H,MASSALSKI T B. Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams[M]. USA:ASM International Materials Park,1990.
[38]
INOUE H,OGAWA T. Weld cracking and solidification behavior of titanium alloys[J]. Welding Journal,1995,74(1):234.
[39]
KAWAKAMI A. Study on Segregation Behavior of Alloying Elements in Titanium Alloys During Solidification[D]. Vancouver:University of British Columbia,2002.
[40]
MITCHELL A,KAWAKAMI A,COCKCROFT S L. Segregation in titanium alloy ingots[J]. High Temperature Materials and Processes,2007,26(1):59.
[41]
YANG Z,KOU H,LI J,et al. Macrosegregation behavior of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy during vacuum consumable arc remelting process[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,2011,20(1):65.
KONDRASHOV E N,RUSAKOV K A,SHCHETNIKOV N V,et al. Segregation defects in VAR titanium alloys:I. Common defects[J]. Russian Metallurgy (Metally),2022,2022(6):553.
[51]
KELKAR K M,PATANKAR S V,MITCHELL A,et al. Computational modeling of the vacuum arc remelting (VAR) process used for the production of ingots of titanium alloys[C]//Proceedings of the Ti-2007 Conference. The United States of American:[s.n.],2007:4.
[52]
GHAZAL G,JARDY A,CHAPELLE P,et al. On the dissolution of nitrided titanium defects during vacuum arc remelting of Ti alloys[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2010,41(3):646.
[53]
KARIMI-SIBAKI E,KHARICHA A,WU M,et al. A parametric study of the vacuum arc remelting (VAR) process:Effects of arc radius,side-arcing,and gas cooling[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2020,51(1):222.
[54]
KARIMI-SIBAKI E,KHARICHA A,ABDI M,et al. A numerical study on the influence of an axial magnetic field (AMF) on vacuum arc remelting (VAR) process[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2021,52(5):3354.
[55]
YANG Z,ZHAO X,KOU H,et al. Numerical simulation of temperature distribution and heat transfer during solidification of titanium alloy ingots in vacuum arc remelting process[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010,20(10):1957.
HANS S. Modeling of the Coupled Heat,Solute and Momentum Transfers During Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR)-Application to Titanium Alloy[D]. Nancy:Nancy University,1995.
[58]
DAVIDSON P A,HE X,LOWE A J. Flow transitions in vacuum arc remelting[J]. Materials Science and Technology,2000,16(6):699.
[59]
QUATRAVAUX T,RYBERON S,HANS S,et al. Transient VAR ingot growth modelling:Application to specialty steels[J]. Journal of Materials Science,2004,39(24):7183.
2023, Vol. 33 
