Abstract:Vanadium and vanadium alloys are widely used in various fields, and most of the vanadium resources exist in vanadium titanium magnetite. The development process and current research situation of direct vanadium extraction from vanadium titanium magnetite are introduced. At present, the direct vanadium extraction process mainly includes "extraction of vanadium by sodium salt roasting followed by water leaching" and "extraction of vanadium by calcium salt roasting followed by acid leaching". According to the current research results, extraction of vanadium by sodium salt roasting followed by water leaching process has higher vanadium extraction efficiency, which is the main direct vanadium extraction method from vanadium titanium magnetite in China. The advantages for extraction of vanadium by calcium salt roasting followed by acid leaching process are that additives are easy to obtain, no waste gas pollution is produced in the process of calcium salt roasting, the waste water of vanadium extraction can be recycled because it does not contain sodium salt, and the waste water pollution is reduced, no sodium salt in vanadium extraction tailings and the process can be directly used in blast furnace ironmaking. In general, the technology of direct vanadium extraction from vanadium titanium magnetite is suitable for vanadium titanium magnetite concentrate of high vanadium titanium and low iron type. The main problems of direct vanadium extraction process at present in China are as follows. Most of vanadium titanium magnetite has low vanadium grade, the material processing capacity is large while the direct vanadium extraction process is faced with minerals with low vanadium grade (w(V2O5)≤1%). The roasting-leaching process causes different degrees of water waste and exhaust gas pollution, which needs to be treated accordingly, resulting in high cost of vanadium extraction and weak market competitiveness. Vanadium extraction tailings cannot meet the production requirements of blast furnace, the separation technology of iron and titanium after vanadium extraction is difficult to implement large-scale industrial application. These problems are the main difficulties faced by the direct vanadium extraction process, and also the scientific and technical difficulties to be solved in the general metallurgical work. In the future, the process of direct vanadium extraction from vanadium titanium magnetite must adhere to the two principles of green efficiency and comprehensive utilization. The purpose of research is to provide reference for enterprises with vanadium resources to choose reasonable vanadium extraction process and explore new vanadium extraction process actively.
何佳, 姜鑫, 纪恒, 靳亚涛, 张志新, 沈峰满. 钒钛磁铁矿直接提钒的研究进展[J]. 中国冶金, 2023, 33(3): 29-38.
HE Jia, JIANG Xin, JI Heng, JIN Ya-tao, ZHANG Zhi-xin, SHEN Feng-man. Research progress on direct extraction of vanadium from vanadium titanium magnetite[J]. China Metallurgy, 2023, 33(3): 29-38.
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